FAKTOR INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK TERKAIT RISIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA: LITERATUR REVIEW

Ayu Anulus; I Gede Ari Permana Putra; Maruni Wiwin Diarti; Yunan Jiwintarum; Aris Widianto; Joko Tri Atmojo

doi:10.32695/jkit.v4i2.615

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Affiliations

Ayu Anulus
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Nusa Tenggara Barat

I Gede Ari Permana Putra
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar, Nusa Tenggara Barat

Maruni Wiwin Diarti
Program Studi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram

Yunan Jiwintarum
Program Studi Teknologi Laboratorium Medis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram

Aris Widianto
Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, STIKES Mambaul Ulum, Surakarta

Joko Tri Atmojo
Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, STIKES Mambaul Ulum, Surakarta

How to Cite

Anulus, A., Putra, I. G., Diarti, M., Jiwintarum, Y., Widianto, A. and Atmojo, J. (2024) “FAKTOR INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK TERKAIT RISIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA: LITERATUR REVIEW”, Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia Timur (East Indonesian Nursing Journal), 4(2), pp. 77-89. doi: https://doi.org/10.32695/jkit.v4i2.615.

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FAKTOR INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK TERKAIT RISIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA: LITERATUR REVIEW

Ayu Anulus ,
I Gede Ari Permana Putra ,
Maruni Wiwin Diarti ,
Yunan Jiwintarum ,
Aris Widianto ,
Joko Tri Atmojo

Vol 4 No 2 (2024): Juli - Desember 2024

DOI 10.32695/jkit.v4i2.615

Submitted: May 4, 2025

Published: Dec 31, 2024

Abstract

Abstrak

Lanjut usia (lansia) diketahui sering mengalami masalah kesehatan terutama risiko jatuh. Masalah ini dapat memperparah kondisi pasien sehingga perlu diketahui apa saja faktor yang berpotensi dalam risiko jatuh pada lansia. Penelitian literatur review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik yang mempengaruhi risiko jatuh pada lansia melalui sintesis dari artikel penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 database (Google scholar, ProQuest, dan PubMed. Sejumlah 18.366 artikel didapatkan dengan penggunaan kata kunci “elderly” AND “fall” AND “intrinsic factors” AND “extrinsic factors”. Hasil analisis dari sintesis 6 artikel menunjukkan bahwa risiko jatuh pada lansia dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik mencakup kondisi fisik, psikologis, dan kognitif, seperti usia lanjut, gangguan keseimbangan, gangguan kognitif, serta penyakit kronis, gangguan penglihatan, kelemahan otot, riwayat jatuh sebelumnya, dan inkontinensia urin. Faktor ekstrinsik yang dominan meliputi lingkungan fisik yang tidak aman, penggunaan alat bantu jalan yang tidak tepat, polifarmasi, serta kurangnya fasilitas keamanan di rumah atau fasilitas kesehatan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pencegahan jatuh pada lansia memerlukan perhatian terhadap kondisi tubuh, lingkungan, serta dukungan sosial yang memadai untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih aman bagi lansia.

Kata Kunci: faktor, intrinsik, ekstrinsik, jatuh, lansia

Abstract

Elderly are known to often experience health problems, especially the risk of falling. This problem can worsen the patient's condition so it is necessary to know what factors have the potential to cause the risk of falling in the elderly. This literature review study aims to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the risk of falling in the elderly through a synthesis of previous research articles. This study used 3 databases (Google scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed. A total of 18,366 articles were obtained using the keywords "elderly" AND "fall" AND "intrinsic factors" AND "extrinsic factors". The results of the analysis of the synthesis of 6 articles showed that the risk of falling in the elderly is influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include physical, psychological, and cognitive conditions, such as advanced age, balance disorders, cognitive disorders, and chronic diseases, visual impairment, muscle weakness, history of previous falls, and urinary incontinence. The dominant extrinsic factors include an unsafe physical environment, inappropriate use of walking aids, polypharmacy, and lack of security facilities at home or in health facilities. These findings confirm that preventing falls in the elderly requires attention to physical conditions, the environment, and adequate social support to create a safer environment for the elderly

Keywords: factors, intrinsic, extrinsic, falls, elderly

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FAKTOR INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK TERKAIT RISIKO JATUH PADA LANSIA: LITERATUR REVIEW

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